The study was designed by David Li, Aarthi Vijayakumar, Rebecca Li, and Michelle Sung, the team of students that won the 2018 Genes in Space contest while attending Mounds View High School and Woodbury High School in Minnesota. This Genes in Space study is the fruit of a multi-center collaboration between scientists and engineers at NASA’s Johnson Space Center, the Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, miniPCR Bio, and Boeing. Understanding how DNA repair mechanisms function in space will support the development of better safeguards for space explorers. Though cells have means of correcting DNA damage, errors in the repair process can lead to negative health consequences including cancer. The CRISPR-induced DNA lesions are intended to mimic genetic damage caused by cosmic radiation, a serious risk facing space travelers. This investigation was co-led by student winners of the 2018 Genes in Space national science competition co-founded by Boeing and miniPCR Bio. Molecular changes left behind as yeast repair these breaks will provide clues about how cells repair their DNA in space. The gene editing technique was deployed on the International Space Station (ISS) to induce targeted breaks in the yeast genome. For the first time, astronauts have used CRISPR/Cas9 technology to edit DNA in space.
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